Stainless Steel
What is Stainless Steel?
Stainless Steel is an alloy of iron and chromium. Which is extremely durable and environmentally friendly, stainless steel is by far the most reused green material. In fact, within the construction sector, its recycling rate is over 100%. Additionally, stainless steel does not change its structure when exposed to acids or corrosive compounds. It is also extremely durable, aesthetically pleasing, sanitary, and incredibly easy to clean and maintain. Because of this, stainless steel can be used in a lot of objects, especially household objects.
What are the types of Stainless Steel?
There are more than 100 grades of stainless steel and seven general classes. These classes include: austenitic, ferritic, martensitic, duplex and precipitation hardening.
Stainless Steel Grades
| Type | Features |
|---|---|
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Type 301 |
Highly ductile, for formed products. Also hardens rapidly during mechanical working. Good weldability. Better wear resistance and fatigue strength than 304.
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Type 302 |
Same corrosion resistance as 304, with slightly higher strength due to additional carbon.
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Type 303 |
Easier machining version of 304 via addition of sulfur and phosphorus. Also referred to as "A1" in accordance with International Organization for Standardization ISO 3506
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Type 304 |
The most common grade; the classic 18/8 stainless steel. Also referred to as "A2" in accordance with International Organization for Standardization ISO 3506.
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Type 309 |
Better temperature resistance than 304 |
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Type 316 |
The second most common grade (after 304); for food and surgical stainless steel uses; Alloy addition of molybdenum prevents specific forms of corrosion. Also known as "marine grade" stainless steel due to its increased resistance to chloride corrosion compared to type 304. SS316 is often used for building nuclear reprocessing plants. Most watches that are made of stainless steel are made of this grade. Rolex is an exception in that they use Type 904L. 18/10 stainless often corresponds to this grade. Also referred to as "A4" in accordance with International Organization for Standardization ISO 3506. |
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Type 321 |
Similar to 304 but lower risk of weld decay due to addition of titanium. See also 347 with addition of niobium for desensitization during welding. |
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Type 408 |
The second most common grade (after 304); for food and surgical stainless steel uses; Alloy addition of molybdenum prevents specific forms of corrosion. Also known as "marine grade" stainless steel due to its increased resistance to chloride corrosion compared to type 304. SS316 is often used for building nuclear reprocessing plants. Most watches that are made of stainless steel are made of this grade. Rolex is an exception in that they use Type 904L. 18/10 stainless often corresponds to this grade. Also referred to as "A4" in accordance with International Organization for Standardization ISO 3506.
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Type 321 |
Similar to 304 but lower risk of weld decay due to addition of titanium. See also 347 with addition of niobium for desensitization during welding. |
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Type 408 |
heat-resistant; poor corrosion resistance; 11% Chromium, 8% Nickel.
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Type 409 |
cheapest type; used for automobile exhausts; ferritic (iron/chromium only).
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Type 410 |
martensitic (high-strength iron/chromium). Wear resistant, but less corrosion resistant. |
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Type 416 |
easy to machine due to additional sulfur |
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Type 420 |
"Cutlery Grade" martensitic; similar to the Brearley's original "rustless steel". Also known as "surgical steel". Excellent polishability.
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Type 430 |
decorative, e.g., for automotive trim; ferritic. Good formability, but with reduced temperature and corrosion resistance. |
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Type 440 |
a higher grade of cutlery steel, with more carbon in it, which allows for much better edge retention when the steel is heat treated properly. It can be hardened to Rockwell 58 hardness, making it one of the hardest stainless steels. Also known as "razor blade steel". Available in three grades 440A, 440B, 440C (more common) and 440F (free machinable).
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Type 630 |
most common PH stainless, better known as 17-4; 17% Chromium, 4% Nickel
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Countries We Supply Stainless Steel To
Steelco Metal & Alloys supply and distribute Stainless Steel products to countries like:
United States
 Europe
Middle East
Africa
and more…
Physical Properties of Stainless Steel
| Physical Properties | Metric | English | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|
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Density |
0.190 - 9.01 g/cc |
0.00686 - 0.326 lb/in³ |
Average value: 7.79 g/cc Grade Count:1412 |
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Porosity |
0.00 - 4.0 % |
0.00 - 4.0 % |
Average value: 1.72 % Grade Count:7 |
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Particle Size |
0.00 - 300 µm |
0.00 - 300 µm |
Average value: 37.4 µm Grade Count:88 |
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Permeability |
0.015 - 1.00 |
0.015 - 1.00 |
Average value: 0.509 Grade Count:4 |
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Thickness |
20.0 - 508 microns |
0.787 - 20.0 mil |
Average value: 86.8 microns Grade Count:14 |
Mechanical Properties of Stainless Steel
| Mechanical Properties | Metric | English | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Hardness, Brinell |
80 - 600 |
80 - 600 |
Average value: 251 Grade Count:563
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Hardness, Knoop |
97 - 662 |
97 - 662 |
Average value: 301 Grade Count:276 |
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Hardness, Rockwell A |
51.1 - 58 |
51.1 - 58 |
Average value: 54.0 Grade Count:8 |
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Hardness, Rockwell B |
37 - 130 |
37 - 130 |
Average value: 86.4 Grade Count:494
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Hardness, Rockwell C |
10 - 71 |
10 - 71 |
Average value: 39.3 Grade Count:437 |
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Hardness, Vickers |
82 - 1100 |
82 - 1100 |
Average value: 294 Grade Count:338
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Tensile Strength, Ultimate
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32.3 - 3100 MPa |
4680 - 450000 psi |
Average value: 940 MPa Grade Count:1709 |
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Tensile Strength, Yield |
25.0 - 2500 MPa |
3630 - 363000 psi |
Average value: 671 MPa Grade Count:1618 |
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Elongation at Break |
0.00 - 88 % |
0.00 - 88 % |
Average value: 26.5 % Grade Count:1563 |
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Elongation at Yield
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0.00 - 62 % |
0.00 - 62 % |
Average value: 22.7 % Grade Count:22 |
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Reduction of Area |
0.50 - 88 % |
0.50 - 88 % |
Average value: 49.3 % Grade Count:307 |
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Modulus of Elasticity |
2.36 - 310 GPa |
342 - 45000 ksi |
Average value: 196 GPa Grade Count:1161 |
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Flexural Yield Strength |
58.0 - 938 MPa |
8410 - 136000 psi |
Average value: 479 MPa Grade Count:4 |
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Compressive Yield Strength |
262 - 3000 MPa |
38000 - 435000 psi |
Average value: 1080 MPa Grade Count:11 |
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Notched Tensile Strength |
710 - 2230 MPa |
103000 - 323000 psi
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Average value: 1740 MPa Grade Count:30 |
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Bulk Modulus |
166 GPa |
24100 ksi |
Average value: 166 GPa Grade Count:14 |
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Poisson's Ratio |
0.12 - 0.38 |
0.12 - 0.38 |
Average value: 0.282 Grade Count:308 |
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Fatigue Strength |
85.0 - 1070 MPa |
12300 - 155000 psi |
Average value: 439 MPa Grade Count:54 |
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Fracture Toughness |
17.6 - 165 MPa-m½ |
16.0 - 150 ksi-in½ |
Average value: 90.9 MPa-m½ Grade Count:9 |
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Machinability |
18 - 65 % |
18 - 65 % |
Average value: 31.7 % Grade Count:126
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Shear Modulus |
62.1 - 86.5 GPa |
9000 - 12600 ksi |
Average value: 77.6 GPa Grade Count:323 |
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Shear Strength |
74.5 - 597 MPa |
10800 - 86600 psi |
Average value: 358 MPa Grade Count:5 |
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Izod Impact |
16.3 - 208 J |
12.0 - 153 ft-lb |
Average value: 115 J Grade Count:140 |
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Charpy Impact |
0.500 - 404 J |
0.369 - 298 ft-lb |
Average value: 115 J Grade Count:252 |
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Charpy Impact, Unnotched
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7.46 - 294 J |
5.50 - 217 ft-lb |
Average value: 157 J Grade Count:9 |
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Charpy Impact Unnotched |
1.59 - 60.0 J/cm² |
7.57 - 286 ft-lb/in² |
Average value: 22.0 J/cm² Grade Count:3 |
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Charpy Impact, Notched |
0.710 - 294 J/cm² |
3.38 - 1400 ft-lb/in² |
Average value: 137 J/cm² Grade Count:5 |
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Taber Abrasion, mg/1000 Cycles
|
3.2 - 30 |
3.2 - 30 |
Average value: 11.3 Grade Count:3 |
Industrial Application of Stainless Steel
- Power generation from fossil-fuel turbines
- Aerospace gas turbines
- Turbines in nuclear power plants
- Chemical Industries
- Oil & Gas Industries
- Automotive & Transportation Industries
Benefits of Stainless Steel
Heat Resistance
Stainless steel has superior high-temperature resistance compared with carbon steel, making it the ideal option for use in transportation, trains, and cards. Because it’s durable over its entire life cycle, stainless-steel material is commonly chosen as the most cost-effective option.
Lighter and Stronger
Stainless steel is often used when developing vehicles for the transportation industry because it weighs fewer pounds while providing a higher load-carrying capacity and greater fuel efficiency.
Ease of Fabrication
Stainless steel’s application in the transport sector allows it to reduce the weight of a vehicle while maximizing its payload-carrying capacity and fuel efficiency.
Long Term Value
Stainless steel is the most economical in the life cycle of all metals.
Hygiene
Stainless steel makes it easy to keep clean and is therefore a popular choice in the healthcare industry, the food processing industry, and the public sector. Lighter and stronger, when used for transportation purposes, stainless steel helps reduce vehicle weight while increasing the vehicle’s carrying capacity.
Competitive Advantage of Steelco Metal & Alloys
- Quality Control System
- 100% Satisfaction Guarantee
- Highly Professional Staff
- Accurate Testing Processes
FAQ
Stainless Steel is made of iron and carbon. What makes it distinctive is the additional alloying of chromium and other elements such as nickel to create a corrosion-resistant material
Stainless steel contains alloys that make it highly resistant to corrosion, thereby making it best suitable for wide-range of industries like automotive and aerospace applications, manufacturing, chemical industries and more.
The most typical kind of stainless steel comprises five categories: austenitic, ferritic, martensitic, duplex, and precipitation hardening. It is available in grades SS 301,SS 304 ,SS 316, SS 321 and SS 347.
The price of 1kg stainless steel in India is around Rs 190/-* To know more about price contact us
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